Board Meeting - April 6, 2011
Meeting Info
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Agenda
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Meeting Minutes
Toronto Transit Commission Board Members
Toronto Transit Commission Board Members
- Chair Karen Stintz
- Vice-Chair Peter Milczyn
- Commissioner Maria Augimeri
- Commissioner Vincent Crisanti
- Commissioner Frank Di Giorgio
- Commissioner Norm Kelly
- Commissioner Denzil Minnan-Wong
- Commissioner Cesar Palacio
- Commissioner John Parker
Declaration Of Interest - Municipal Conflict Of Interest Act
Minutes Of The Previous Meetings
Business Arising Out Of Minutes
Committee Of The Whole Resolution
Wednesday, May 11, 2011
Public Presentations
Presentations will be heard at 2:00 p.m. Requests to speak must be registered in writing by 12:00 Noon of day preceding meeting day.
Notices Of Motions
See "Notice of Motion - Commissioner Cesar Palacio" report below under Item 9 - New Business.
Motions Without Notice
Items of Which Notice has Previously Been Given
Items Deferred From Last Meeting to Permit Debate/Public Presentation
NIL
- Reports with Confidential Attachments (Committee of the Whole)
- Office Consolidation Plan (FOR ACTION)(This report is about a proposed or pending land acquisition by the Commission)
- Water Seepage at 1577 Danforth Avenue (FOR ACTION)(This report is about litigation or potential litigation that affects the Commission)
- Presentations
NIL
- Budget matters
- Procurement Authorizations
- Procurement Authorization - Toronto-York Spadina Subway Extension - Supply of Precast Concrete Double Ties and Elastomers - Contract No. A65-31 (FOR ACTION)
- Procurement Authorization – Supply of Montgomery Escalator Rebuild Kits – (FOR ACTION)
- Summary of Authorized Expenditures between $1,000,000 to $5,000,000 for the Period January 1, 2011 to January 31, 2011 (FOR INFORMATION)
- Procurement Authorization Amendments
- Procurement Authorization Amendment – Toronto-York Spadina Subway Extension Project – Contract No. A85-75A – Steeles West Station – Contract Amendment No. 5 (FOR ACTION)
- Procurement Authorization Amendment: Automatic Train Control Project Contract No. C31PV08752 – Design & Supply Radio Based ATC/CBTC for YUS Subway Change Directive No. 7 (FOR ACTION)
- Procurement Authorization Amendment – Mount Dennis Bus Garage – TCE Contamination – Contract Amendment No. 15 – Contract G85-215 – Geotechnical and Geo-Environmental Engineering Services Triennial Contract (FOR ACTION)
- Notice of Awards
NIL
- Service Matters
- New Service on Fenmar Drive (FOR ACTION)
- Transit Service to Variety Village – Interim Update (FOR ACTION)
- Other Business
- TTC Commissioner Expenses 2003-2009 (FOR INFORMATION)
- Progress Report 3 – TTC Management Response to Customer Service Advisory Panel (FOR INFORMATION)
- Parliament Loop Land Exchange (FOR ACTION)
- 2010 TTC Special Constable Annual Report to the Toronto Transit Commission and the Toronto Police Services Board (FOR ACTION)
- 2008 APTA Rail Audit Updates (FOR INFORMATION)
- Outstanding Commission Items (FOR INFORMATION)
- TTIL Report
- New Business
- Correspondence
NIL
A correspondence summary will be distributed at the meeting.
A meeting of the Toronto Transit Commission was held in Committee Room 2, 2nd Floor, Toronto City Hall, 100 Queen Street West, Toronto, Ontario on Wednesday, April 6, 2011 commencing at 10:00 a.m. The meeting recessed at 10:05 a.m. and re-convened at 1:05 p.m. The meeting recessed again at 1:40 p.m. to await the arrival of some registered deputants and reconvened at 2:00 p.m.
Present
K. Stintz (Chair), P. Milczyn (Vice-Chair), M. Augimeri, V. Crisanti, F. Di Giorgio, N. Kelly, D. Minnan-Wong, C. Palacio, and J. Parker (Commissioners), G. Webster (Chief General Manager), V. Rodo (General Manager - Executive & General Secretary), J. Sepulis (General Manager - Engineering & Construction), D. Dixon (Acting General Manager - Operations), B. Leck (General Counsel - Legal), B. Ross (Director - Corporate Communications), M. Roche (Chief Financial Officer), S. MacDonald (Manager -Materials & Procurement), A. Smith (Chief Marketing Officer), M. Stambler, (Chief Service Planning Officer), T. Andrews (Chief Special Constable), D. Garisto (Chief Property Development Officer), K. Lee (Assistant General Secretary) and F. Stanois (Co-ordinator - Corporate Secretariat Services) were present.
K. Stintz was in the Chair.
C. Upfold, incoming TTC Chief Customer Service Officer was also present.
In this section
Minutes of the Previous Meeting
COMMISSIONER PARKER MOVED THAT THE COMMISSION APPROVE THE MINUTES FROM MEETINGS NO. 1931, 1932 AND 1933 AND THAT THE CHAIR AND GENERAL SECRETARY BE AUTHORIZED TO SIGN THE SAME.
THE MOTION BY COMMISSIONER PARKER CARRIED.
Committee of the Whole Resolution
CHAIR STINTZ MOVED THAT THE COMMISSION RECESS TO MEET AS THE COMMITTEE OF THE WHOLE TO DEAL WITH:
1. LITIGATION OR POTENTIAL LITIGATION MATTERS, LABOUR RELATIONS, EMPLOYEE NEGOTIATIONS, AND TO RECEIVE ADVICE WHICH IS SUBJECT TO SOLICITOR-CLIENT PRIVILEGE; AND
2. EDUCATING AND/OR TRAINING MEMBERS ON THE FOLLOWING ITEMS:
- TRANSIT PLAN
- OPEN STANDARDS FARE SYSTEM: PROJECT OVERVIEW
- NEGOTIATIONS UPDATE
- CRISIS LINK - SUICIDE PREVENTION
THE MOTION BY CHAIR STINTZ CARRIED.
Public Presentations
a) Transit Service to Variety Village – Interim Update
Councillor Gary Crawford
THE COMMISSION RECEIVED THE DEPUTATION FOR INFORMATION.
(SEE ITEM NO. 7B FOR MINUTE).
b) 2010 TTC Special Constable Annual Report to the Toronto Transit Commission and the Toronto Police Services Board
Brian Boehlert
THE COMMISSION RECEIVED THE DEPUTATION FOR INFORMATION.
(SEE ITEM NO. 8D FOR MINUTE).
c) Toronto Transit Infrastructure Limited
Councillor Joe Mihevc
Jamie Kirkpatrick
THE COMMISSION RECEIVED THE DEPUTATIONS FOR INFORMATION.
(SEE ITEM NO. 8G FOR MINUTE).
Notice of Motions
MOVED BY COMMISSIONER PALACIO:
FOR OVER SEVEN YEARS, THE CITY, THE TTC AND THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE TTC PENSION FUND SOCIETY HAVE BEEN WRITING AND REQUESTING THAT THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT GRANT THE TTC PENSION FUND SOCIETY SOLVENCY FUNDING EXEMPTION. IN AUGUST, 2010 THE PROVINCE GRANTED SOLVENCY FUNDING EXEMPTIONS TO THE 5 EXISTING JOINTLY SPONSORED PENSION PLANS, OMERS, TEACHERS, HOOPP, CAAT AND OP TRUST. THE TTC PENSION FUND IS REQUESTING THE SAME EXEMPTION.
GRANTING SOLVENCY FUNDING EXEMPTION CARRIES NO COST TO THE PROVINCE BUT WITHOUT SOLVENCY FUNDING EXEMPTION, BEGINNING IN 2012, THE COMMISSION AND THE EMPLOYEES WILL BE FORCED TO CONTRIBUTE AN EXTRA $50-$75 MILLION (TO BE SHARED EQUALLY) INTO THE PLAN FOR THE NEXT 10 YEARS. THESE EXTRA PAYMENTS ARE SOLELY FOR THE PURPOSE OF SOLVENCY FUNDING IN THE EVENT THAT THE PENSION PLAN IS WOUND-UP. IT SHOULD BE NOTED THAT THE SOCIETY IS WELL FUNDED ON A GOING CONCERN BASIS AND HAS A SURPLUS OF APPROXIMATELY $100 MILLION.
I HEREBY MOVE THAT THE COMMISSION REQUEST THAT CITY COUNCIL FULLY SUPPORT THE TTC PENSION FUND IN ITS EFFORTS TO SEEK FULL SOLVENCY FUNDING EXEMPTION BY SUPPORTING THE SOCIETY’S CONVERSION TO A JOINTLY SPONSORED PENSION PLAN AND TO ENCOURAGE THE PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT TO GRANT FULL SOLVENCY FUNDING EXEMPTION FOR THE TTC PENSION FUND SOCIETY.
THE MOTION BY COMMISSIONER PALACIO CARRIED.
Items Deferred From Last Meeting to Permit Debate/Public Presentation
- Reports with Confidential Attachments (Committee of the Whole)
-
Presentations
NIL
- Budget Matters
- Procurement Authorizations
- Procurement Authorization Amendments
-
Notice of Awards
NIL
- Service Matters
- Other Business
-
New Business
NIL
- Correspondence
a) Office Consolidation Plan
THE COMMISSION:
1. APPROVED THE RECOMMENDATION AS SET OUT IN THE CONFIDENTIAL ATTACHMENT; AND
2. NOTED THAT THE INFORMATION IN THE CONFIDENTIAL ATTACHMENT REMAIN CONFIDENTIAL UNTIL SUCH TIME AS ANY AGREEMENTS ARISING OUT OF THIS APPROVAL ARE EXECUTED.
COMMISSIONER MINNAN-WONG IS NOTED IN OPPOSITION TO THE FOREGOING.
b) Water Seepage at 1577 Danforth Avenue
THE COMMISSION:
1. APPROVED THE RECOMMENDATIONS AS SET OUT IN THE CONFIDENTIAL ATTACHMENT; AND
2. NOTED THAT THE INFORMATION IN THE CONFIDENTIAL ATTACHMENT REMAIN CONFIDENTIAL UNTIL SUCH TIME AS THE LITIGATION IS RESOLVED.
a) Chief General Manager’s Report – Periods 11 & 12 (October 31 to December 31, 2010
It is recommended that the Commission:
1. Approve the offsetting of the $0.892 million subsidy shortfall for the 2010 Wheel Trans Operating Budget with the $60.044 million subsidy surplus for the 2010 TTC Operating Budget, for a net subsidy surplus of $59.152 million; and
2. Forward a copy of this report to (1) each City of Toronto Councillor and (2) the City Deputy Manager and Chief Financial Officer, for information, noting that the detailed CGM’s Report is available upon request from the Office of the General Secretary of the Commission.
APPROVED
b) City Reports: Governance, Board Appointments, Service Review Program and Budget Process___________________________________________________________________________
It is recommended that the Commission receive this report for information.
RECEIVED
a) Procurement Authorization - Toronto-York Spadina Subway Extension - Supply of Precast Concrete Double Ties and Elastomers - Contract No. A65-31
It is recommended that the Commission authorize the award of contract to Munro Concrete Products Ltd. (Munro) in the amount of $20,457,834.00 for Contract A65-31, Supply of Concrete Double Ties and Elastomers.
APPROVED
b) Procurement Authorization - Supply of Montgomery Escalator Rebuild Kits
It is recommended that the Commission approve the issuance of a purchase order for the supply of Montgomery Escalator Rebuild Kits to KONE Inc. in the upset limit amount of $6,073,548.50 for the term commencing April 7, 2011 to December 31, 2014.
APPROVED
c) Summary of Authorized Expenditures between $1,000,000 to $5,000,000 for the Period January 1, 2011 to January 31, 2011________________________________________
It is recommended that the Commission receive this report for information. It lists an Expenditure ($1,000,000 to $5,000,000) for the period January 1, 2011to January 31, 2011 which was approved by Senior Management.
RECEIVED
a) Procurement Authorization Amendment - Toronto-York Spadina Subway Extension Project – Contract No. A85-75A – Steeles West Station - Contract Amendment No. 5
It is recommended that the Commission authorize Contract Amendment No. 5 to The Spadina Group Associates (TSGA) in the amount of $4,922,000.00 for the completion of detailed design and support during construction for the Steeles West Station, increasing the total upset limit amount to $28,142,000.00 from $23,220,000.00.
APPROVED
b) Procurement Authorization Amendment: Automatic Train Control Project Contract No. C31PV08752 – Design & Supply Radio Based ATC/CBTC for YUS Subway Change Directive No. 7
It is recommended that the Commission authorize Change Directive No. 7 to Alstom Transportation Canada Inc., in the upset limit amount of $4,903,469.29, for the supply of 21 sets of Automatic Train Control (ATC) on-board equipment, as part of Contract C31PV08752.
APPROVED
c) Procurement Authorization Amendment – Mount Dennis Bus Garage – TCE Contamination – Contract Amendment No. 15 – Contract G85-215 – Geotechnical and Geo-Environmental Engineering Services Triennial Contract
It is recommended that the Commission authorize the issuance of Contract Amendment No. 15 to Conestoga-Rovers & Associates Limited (CRA) for Geotechnical and Geo-Environmental Engineering Services Triennial Contract G85-215 (Contract), in the amount of $610,000, increasing the total upset limit contract amount from $1,990,000 to $2,600,000.
APPROVED
a) New Service on Fenmar Drive
It is recommended that the Commission:
1. Approve new service during the peak periods from Monday to Friday on Fenmar Drive, effective June 20, 2011, as described in this report; and
2. Forward this report to Councillors Crisanti, Filion, Ford, Pasternak, Perruzza, Mammoliti, Shiner, and the Emery Village Business Improvement Area.
APPROVED
b) Transit Service to Variety Village – Interim Update
CHAIR STINTZ MOVED THAT, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAST FIVE BULLETS IN THE STAFF RECOMMENDATION, THE 12 KINGSTON ROAD BUS ROUTE BE ALTERED, EFFECTIVE MAY 8, 2011, SO THAT EVERY SECOND BUS OPERATES VIA BIRCHMOUNT ROAD AND DANFORTH AVENUE TO SERVE VARIETY VILLAGE AND THAT, TO ENSURE A SMOOTH TRANSITION BETWEEN THE EXISTING COMMUNITY LINK BUS SERVICE AND THE NEW MODIFIED 12 KINGSTON ROAD SERVICE, THE COMMUNITY LINK SERVICE CONTINUE TO OPERATE UNTIL RIDERSHIP ON THE TWO SERVICES HAS STABILIZED.
THE MOTION BY CHAIR STINTZ CARRIED.
CHAIR STINTZ MOVED ADOPTION OF THE RECOMMENDATION IN THE STAFF REPORT, AS AMENDED.
THE MOTION BY CHAIR STINTZ CARRIED ON UNANIMOUS VOTE OF THE MEMBERS IN ATTENDANCE.
a) TTC Commissioner Expenses 2003 -2009
COMMISSIONER PALACIO MOVED REFERRAL OF THIS REPORT TO THE NEXT MEETING OF THE COMMISSION TO ALLOW STAFF THE OPPORTUNITY TO REPORT BACK ON COLLECTION EFFORTS PERTAINING TO THE FORMER CHAIR'S EXPENSES.
THE MOTION BY COMMISSIONER PALACIO CARRIED.
b) Progress Report 3 – TTC Management Response to Customer Service Advisory Panel
Prior to dealing with this item Chair Stintz took the opportunity to introduce Chris Upfold, TTC Chief Customer Service Officer, who will be joining the TTC on May 30, 2011. Mr. Upfold spoke briefly about his new role and indicated that he is looking forward to helping the TTC make some changes.
Chair Stintz also took the opportunity to invite fellow members of the Commission to participate in the TTC component of the upcoming Toronto 20-minute Makeover event.
FOLLOWING COMPLETION OF THE FOREGOING MATTERS CHAIR STINTZ MOVED THAT THE COMMISSION RECEIVE THE RECOMMENDATIONS IN THE STAFF REPORT, AS FOLLOWS:
"IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT THE COMMISSION:
1. RECEIVE FOR INFORMATION THE ATTACHED MATRIX UPDATING THE STATUS OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS CONTAINED IN THE CUSTOMER SERVICE ADVISORY PANEL REPORT, DATED AUGUST 23, 2010; AND
2. NOTE THE NEWLY CREATED POSITION OF CHIEF CUSTOMER SERVICE OFFICER HAS BEEN FILLED BY MR. CHRISTOPHER UPFOLD, WITH AN EXPECTED START OF MAY 30".
THE MOTION BY CHAIR STINTZ CARRIED.
c) Parliament Loop Land Exchange
It is recommended that the Commission authorize staff to execute a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between Toronto Parking Authority (TPA), Toronto Transit Commission (TTC) and the City of Toronto (City), substantially on the terms contained in Appendix A, and in a form satisfactory to TTC's General Counsel, noting that TTC will obtain a transfer of Operational Management rather than acquire registered title to a replacement site as previously approved by the Committee of the Whole.
APPROVED
d) 2010 TTC Special Constable Annual Report to the Toronto Transit Commission and the Toronto Police Services Board
It is recommended that the Commission:
1. Receive this report for information; and
2. Forward the attached report to the Toronto Police Services Board for information.
APPROVED
e) 2008 APTA Rail Audit Updates
It is recommended that the Commission:
1 Receive for information, updates to the 2008 APTA Rail Safety Audit plus Toronto Transit Commission management actions; and
2 Forward this update to the Minister of Transportation, Province of Ontario and the Clerk of the City of Toronto for information.
APPROVED
f) Outstanding Commission Items
It is recommended that the Commission receive for information, the updated list of outstanding Commission items for the period up to and including the meeting of March 1, 2011.
RECEIVED
g) Toronto Transit Infrastructure Limited
CHAIR STINTZ MOVED ADOPTION OF THE RECOMMENDATION IN THE STAFF REPORT, AS FOLLOWS:
"IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT THE COMMISSION:
1. RECEIVE THIS REPORT FOR INFORMATION REGARDING DEVELOPMENTS AT THE MEETING OF SHAREHOLDERS AND MEETING OF DIRECTORS OF TORONTO TRANSIT INFRASTRUCTURE LIMITED ("TTIL"), FORMERLY TORONTO TRANSIT CONSULTANTS LIMITED ("TTCL") OF MARCH 8, 2011; AND
2. DIRECT TTIL TO ADOPT PROCUREMENT POLICIES, FINANCIAL AUTHORIZATION POLICIES AND A BY-LAW TO GOVERN PROCEEDINGS CONSISTENT WITH THOSE OF THE TORONTO TRANSIT COMMISSION AND THAT TTIL NOT AWARD ANY CONTRACTS UNTIL THESE ITEMS HAVE BEEN ADOPTED AND FUNDING HAS BEEN SECURED".
THE MOTION BY CHAIR STINTZ CARRIED.
COMMISSIONER AUGIMERI TOOK CARRIAGE OF THE FOLLOWING MOTION ON BEHALF OF COUNCILLOR MIHEVC:
THAT STAFF BE REQUESTED TO UNDERTAKE THE FOLLOWING IN PREPARATION FOR TTC AND COUNCIL DELIBERATIONS ON THE MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING:
1. INVESTIGATE SOLUTIONS FOR PASSENGERS ON FINCH AVENUE WEST AND SHEPPARD AVENUE EAST, EAST OF SCARBOROUGH TOWN CENTRE, WHO ARE LOSING AN LRT.
2. A COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF THE SHEPPARD SUBWAY PROPOSAL THAT INCLUDES THE LOST OPPORTUNITY COSTS.
3. OPERATING COSTS AND SUBSIDY REQUIREMENTS AFTER THE SHEPPARD LINE IS BUILT.
4. A STRATEGY TO PAY FOR THE SUNK COSTS AND CANCELLATION FEES.
5. PUBLIC CONSULTATION.
COMMISSIONER AUGIMERI REQUESTED A RECORDED VOTE:
IN FAVOUR: COMMISSIONER AUGIMERI
OPPOSED: CHAIR STINTZ, VICE-CHAIR MILCZYN, COMMISSIONER CRISANTI, COMMISSIONER DI GIORGIO, COMMISSIONER KELLY, COMMISSIONER MINNAN-WONG AND COMMISSIONER PALACIO.
THE MOTION BY COMMISSIONER AUGIMERI LOST ON A VOTE OF 1 TO 7.
NOT PRESENT FOR THE RECORDED VOTE: COMMISSIONER PARKER.
CHAIR STINTZ MOVED THAT THE TTC PROCESS INVOICES FROM TTIL SUBJECT TO THE CITY OF TORONTO CONFIRMING AN APPROPRIATE FUNDING MECHANISM TO COVER COSTS INCURRED BY TTIL FOR THIS WORK AND THAT ALL COSTS FOR THIS WORK WILL BE REPORTED OUT THROUGH THE PERIODIC CHIEF GENERAL MANAGER'S REPORTS TO FUTURE COMMISSION MEETINGS.
THE MOTION BY CHAIR STINTZ CARRIED.
C1 - Alok Mukerjee, Chair, Toronto Police Services Board regarding a Special Constables Agreement with the Commission.
THE COMMISSION RECEIVED THE COMMUNICATION FOR INFORMATION.
C2 - Greta Fearman regarding the new transit plan announcement.
THE COMMISSION RECEIVED THE COMMUNICATION AND REFERRED THE CORRESPONDENCE TO STAFF FOR INFORMATION.
C3 - Sharon Yetman regarding bus flow technology.
THE COMMISSION RECEIVED THE COMMUNICATION AND REFERRED THE CORRESPONDENCE TO STAFF FOR INFORMATION.
C4 - Christopher Field regarding 510 Spadina service.
THE COMMISSION RECEIVED THE COMMUNICATION AND REFERRED THE CORRESPONDENCE TO STAFF FOR INFORMATION.
C5 - Andrew Bourgeois regarding the new transit plan announcement.
THE COMMISSION RECEIVED THE COMMUNICATION AND REFERRED THE CORRESPONDENCE TO STAFF FOR INFORMATION.
C6 - Jacob L. regarding the exclusion of Finch Avenue West rapid transit.
THE COMMISSION RECEIVED THE COMMUNICATION FOR INFORMATION.
The meeting adjourned at 2:40 p.m.
Highlights
Record-high 477.4 million customers carried in 2010
In 2010, the TTC set an all-time record of 477.4 million rides, surpassing its previous all-time record of 471.2 million set last year, according to the Chief General Manager’s Report.
The TTC achieved a 1.3-per-cent increase in people carried in 2010 despite an estimated loss of 658,000 customers due to the G20 Summit held in downtown Toronto on Sat., June 26 and Sun., June 27. A one-day of high of 1.68 million riders were carried on Wed., Oct. 27, 2010.
With more than 1.5 million passengers on a typical weekday, the TTC has one of the highest per capita ridership rates in North America. One billion customers are carried approximately every 26 months. The TTC is expected to welcome its 28 billionth customer in the fall.
Introducing TTC’s new Chief Customer Service Officer
TTC Chair Karen Stintz introduced Chris Upfold, the TTC’s new Chief Customer Service Officer, who was present at the Commission meeting. Upfold officially starts in his new position on May 30.
Upfold joins the TTC from the London Underground. He brings considerable expertise and understanding in the importance of what the customer means to a transit system as well as the vital role that TTC employees will play in achieving customer service success.
New service on Fenmar Drive
Commissioners approved a new Monday-Friday, peak-period service on Fenmar Drive in the Emery Village area, near Weston Road and Finch Avenue, starting on June 20. The new 36F Finch West buses will be implemented at no cost by modifying the current 36D Finch West route, and will serve a rebounding commercial/industrial area surrounding Fenmar Drive. Buses will run every 24 to 32 minutes.
Transit service to Variety Village
Commissioners unanimously voted to operate every second bus trip on the 12 Kingston Rd route to a new bus stop on Danforth Avenue in front of Variety Village as of May 8. The board also approved continuing to operate the 406 Variety Village Community Link service to the recreational facility from Main Station during a transition period. The Community Link service is available to both ambulatory and non-ambulatory customers.
The TTC also provides services to Variety Village via the 20 Cliffside bus route and door-to-door service for Wheel-Trans registrants.
2010 TTC Special Constable annual report
Commissioners approved the annual Special Constable year-end report for 2010. The report provides information on the TTC’s Special Constable Program during 2010 including activities performed, use of authorities, occurrence reporting, training, public complaints and year-end highlights.
The report shows that TTC Special Constables had made 350 arrests or apprehensions. It also indicates that TTC Special Constables reported 531 criminal occurrences on the system last year.